DIGITAL DENTAL TECHNOLOGY; THE FUTURE OF DENTAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE IN NIGERIA
A paper presentation in an occasion of 2023 Induction ceremony of fresh graduates of Dental Technologists, organized by Dental Technologists Registration Board of Nigeria (DTRBN) on 30th of November, 2023, at Federal University of Technology, Owerri.
Oladimeji Sikiru A. (Ph.D)
Federal University of Allied Health Sciences, Enugu
Oladimeji_sikiru@fedcodtten.edu.ng
+2348063651764
Introduction
The advent of digital dentistry has ushered in a new era of transformative patient care, revolutionizing the way dental professionals diagnose, plan, and restore smiles. This dynamic field seamlessly integrates cutting-edge technologies - including CAD/CAM, 3D printing, AI, AR, and teledentistry - to create a holistic digital ecosystem that redefines the boundaries of dental practice. By harnessing the power of computer-aided tools and software, dental professionals can now deliver precision-driven care with unprecedented efficiency, accuracy, and comfort. Digital dentistry's far-reaching impact extends beyond the clinic, too, as laboratories leverage advanced solutions like impression scanners and design software to streamline production and minimize manual intervention.
As this innovative field continues to evolve, it unlocks new possibilities for dentists to reimagine traditional procedures, from digital scanning and diagnostics to treatment planning and restoration. The result is a paradigm shift in dental care, where technology and expertise converge to elevate patient outcomes and redefine the future of dentistry.
Digital
The concept of 'digital' revolves around the expression of information through distinct, quantifiable units - commonly binary code comprising 0s and 1s. Within the realm of technology, digital refers to the utilization of electronic systems and devices that manipulate and store data in a discrete, digitized format. This diverges from analog representations, where information is conveyed through continuous signals. In today's world, digital technology has become ubiquitous, profoundly shaping our daily interactions, professional landscapes, and global connections. Its far-reaching impact has redefined the fabric of modern society, influencing everything from communication and commerce to entertainment and education.
Digital Technology
At its core, the digital concept involves encoding information into precise, measurable units - typically binary code consisting of 0s and 1s. In the technological sphere, digital technology harnesses electronic systems and devices to process, store, and transmit data in a discrete, digital format, differing fundamentally from analog representations that rely on continuous signals. Today, digital technology permeates every aspect of modern life, revolutionizing how we interact, work, and connect globally. Its profound influence has reshaped the very fabric of society, leaving an indelible mark on communication, commerce, entertainment, education, and beyond.
Applications of digital technologies
Digital technologies have diverse applications across various domains. These applications highlight the pervasive influence of digital technologies in shaping and improving different aspects of modern life. These types of digital technology contribute to the interconnected and technologically advanced world we live in today, impacting various aspects of our daily lives and industries. Some notable examples include:
i. Communication: Digital technologies facilitate instant and efficient communication through platforms such as email, social media, and messaging apps.
ii. Entertainment: Streaming services, digital media players, and online gaming are examples of how digital technology has transformed the entertainment industry.
iii. Education: Digital tools enable online learning platforms, interactive educational software, and digital textbooks, enhancing the learning experience.
iv. Business and Commerce: Digital technologies play a crucial role in e-commerce, digital marketing, and data analytics, helping businesses reach wider audiences and make informed decisions.
v. Healthcare: Electronic health records, telemedicine, and medical imaging technologies contribute to improved patient care and healthcare management.
vi. Manufacturing: Automation, robotics, and digital systems enhance efficiency and precision in manufacturing processes.
vii. Finance: Digital banking, online transactions, and cryptocurrencies are examples of how digital technologies have transformed the financial sector.
viii. Transportation: GPS navigation, ride-sharing apps, and autonomous vehicles are applications of digital technology in the transportation industry.
ix. Agriculture: Precision farming, using sensors and data analytics, helps optimize crop yield and resource utilization.
x. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI applications range from voice assistants and image recognition to complex decision-making systems in various industries.
Types of digital technology
Digital technology includes a broad range of types, each serving specific purposes. Here are some key types of digital technology:
i. Computers: The fundamental digital device for processing and storing data.
ii. Software: Programs and applications that run on computers and other digital devices.
iii. Internet: A global network connecting computers and facilitating information exchange.
iv. Smartphones and Tablets: Portable devices combining computing power, communication, and various applications.
v. Digital Cameras: Devices capturing and storing images in digital format.
vi. Wearable Technology: Devices like smartwatches and fitness trackers that incorporate digital capabilities.
vii. Cloud Computing: Services allowing access to computing resources and storage over the internet.
viii. Artificial Intelligence (AI): Technologies that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
ix. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR):Technologies creating immersive digital experiences.
x. Internet of Things (IoT): Connecting everyday devices to the internet for data exchange and automation.
xi. Biometric Technology: Using biological characteristics (fingerprint, facial recognition) for authentication.
xii. Blockchain: A decentralized and secure digital ledger technology often associated with cryptocurrencies.
xiii. Digital Broadcasting: Transmission of audio and video content in digital format.
xiv. 3D Printing: Creating physical objects layer by layer based on digital models.
xv. Cybersecurity: Technologies and practices designed to protect digital systems and data from unauthorized access.
xvi. Robotics: Intelligent machines capable of performing tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously.
Impact of digital technology
The positive impact of digital technology is widespread and transformative across various aspects of society. However,while acknowledging these positive impacts, it's important to address challenges such as digital divide, privacy concerns, and cybersecurity issues to ensure that the benefits of digital technology are accessible and secure for everyone. Among the key benefits of digital technology, the following are worthy of note;
i. Efficiency and Productivity: Digital tools automate processes, streamline workflows, and enhance efficiency, leading to increased productivity in various industries.
ii. Communication: Digital technology facilitates instant and global communication, connecting people across the world through email, social media, and messaging apps.
iii. Access to Information: The internet provides easy access to vast amounts of information, empowering individuals with knowledge and educational resources.
iv. Innovation and Creativity: Digital technology fosters innovation, enabling the development of new products, services, and creative solutions to complex problems.
v. Economic Growth: Digital technologies contribute to economic growth by creating new industries, jobs, and opportunities for entrepreneurship.
vi. Healthcare Advancements: Digital advancements in healthcare, such as electronic health records and telemedicine, improve patient care, diagnosis, and treatment.
vii. Education Enhancement: Digital tools in education facilitate interactive learning, personalized instruction, and access to educational resources beyond traditional boundaries.
viii. Environmental Impact: Digital technologies can contribute to sustainability efforts by enabling smart resource management and monitoring environmental conditions.
ix. Global Connectivity: Digital communication and collaboration tools break down geographical barriers, fostering global partnerships and cooperation.
x. Accessibility: Digital technology has improved accessibility for individuals with disabilities, offering tools and features that enhance their participation in various activities.
xi. Entertainment and Media: Digital platforms provide a wide array of entertainment options, from streaming services to interactive gaming experiences.
xii. Efficient Resource Management: Digital technologies contribute to better resource utilization, whether in agriculture, manufacturing, or energy production.
Digital technology in dentistry
The integration of digital technology has revolutionized the field of dentistry, yielding profound improvements in patient care, diagnostics, and treatment outcomes. Some of the most notable applications of digital technology in dentistry includes the followqing:
i. Digital Imaging: Digital radiography, including intraoral and extraoral X-rays, provides detailed images with lower radiation exposure compared to traditional radiography, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
ii. 3D Imaging: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) allows for three-dimensional imaging of the oral and maxillofacial structures, enhancing precision in implant planning, oral surgery, and orthodontic treatment.
iii. Intraoral Scanners: These devices create digital impressions of teeth, eliminating the need for traditional molds. This technology is used for designing crowns, bridges, and other dental prosthetics.
iv. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM): CAD/CAM technology enables the digital design and fabrication of dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, and veneers, improving accuracy and efficiency.
v. Teledentistry: Digital communication tools allow for remote consultations, monitoring, and follow-ups, enhancing access to dental care, especially in remote or underserved areas.
vi. Electronic Health Records (EHR): Digital record-keeping systems streamline administrative tasks, improving the organization and accessibility of patient information.
vii. Laser Dentistry: Digital lasers are used for various dental procedures, including gum surgeries and cavity treatments, offering precision and minimizing discomfort.
viii. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR): These technologies may be used for patient education, treatment planning, and distraction during dental procedures.
ix. Dental CAD/CAM Software: Specialized software assists in designing dental prosthetics, facilitating customization and precise fit.
x. Practice Management Software: Digital tools for scheduling, billing, and patient communication contribute to the efficient management of dental practices.
Digital technology in Dental Technology Practice
The advent of digital technology has ushered in a new era of innovation in dental technology, revolutionizing the way dental care is delivered and laboratory processes are managed. From streamlining workflows to enhancing patient outcomes, digital technology has made a profound impact on the field. Some of the most exciting applications of digital technology in dental technology include:
i) In Dental Laboratory Practice
a. Digital Impressions: Intraoral scanners create highly accurate digital impressions of patients' teeth, eliminating the need for traditional, messy impressions. This technology improves the precision of dental restorations.
b. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM): Dental technologists use CAD/CAM systems to design and produce dental restorations like crowns, bridges, and veneers. This digital approach allows for efficient and precise customization.
c. 3D Printing: Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, is used to create dental models, surgical guides, and even prostheses. This technology offers flexibility and precision in designing complex dental structures.
d. Digital Radiography: Digital X-rays provide instant images with lower radiation exposure compared to traditional film X-rays. This aids in diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up assessments.
e. Dental Laboratory Management Software: Digital tools assist in managing workflows, tracking cases, and organizing communication within dental laboratories, improving overall efficiency.
f. Shade Matching Technology: Digital devices help in accurately matching the shade of dental restorations to natural teeth, ensuring a more aesthetic outcome.
g. Virtual Articulation: Digital articulators simulate jaw movements, aiding in the precise fabrication of dental prostheses to ensure proper occlusion and alignment.
h. Dental CAD/CAM Software: Specialized software assists dental technologists in designing restorations, considering factors such as occlusion and aesthetics.
i. Digital Wax-Ups: Technologists can create digital wax-ups, a crucial step in designing restorations, which allows for easier modifications and improvements before the final product is produced.
j. Communication Tools: Digital platforms facilitate communication between dental practitioners and technologists, enabling efficient collaboration and reducing turnaround times for dental prostheses.
k. Wearables: Wearables are small, portable Bluetooth-enabled micro devices. They are attached to the body. Once positioned on the body, they continuously capture and process user-generated data.
L. Data glasses: Data glasses are small computers that sit on the bridge of the nose. They connect to the internet via sensors and cameras. Among other things, data glasses can incorporate virtual objects (3D holograms) into the user’s field of vision by means of projected light points. The user can interact with these projected objects. Data glasses – such as the Microsoft HoloLens – mix virtual reality with the real world. People who use such glasses work more quickly and efficiently. All relevant information can be transferred to the screen of the data glasses in real time. Moreover, the risk of error is reduced as every single working step is performed under expert guidance.
ii) In administration of dental technologists
a. Practice Management Software: Dental laboratories often use digital practice management software to handle administrative tasks such as appointment scheduling, case tracking, billing, and inventory management.
b. Digital Communication Tools: Email, messaging apps, and collaboration platforms facilitate efficient communication among dental technologists, dental practitioners, and other team members, improving coordination and reducing delays.
c. Electronic Health Records (EHR): Digital systems for maintaining patient records provide a secure and organized way to store and access patient information, treatment plans, and case histories.
d. Digital Imaging and Documentation: Digital photography and imaging tools assist in documenting cases, tracking progress, and maintaining a visual record of patient treatments, supporting comprehensive record-keeping.
e. CAD/CAM Software for Case Design: Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software allows dental technologists to digitally design dental prosthetics, improving precision and customization.
f. Workflow Management Systems: Digital tools help in organizing and optimizing the workflow within the dental laboratory, from case intake to product delivery, ensuring smooth and timely operations.
g. Online Ordering Systems: Digital platforms for ordering materials and supplies streamline the procurement process for dental laboratories, reducing paperwork and manual errors.
h. Quality Control and Assurance Software: Digital solutions assist in tracking and ensuring the quality of dental products, helping dental technologists adhere to industry standards and regulatory requirements.
i. Training and Professional Development Platforms: Digital resources and online platforms offer opportunities for continuous education and professional development for dental technologists.
j. Remote Collaboration Tools: Technologists can collaborate with dental practitioners and colleagues remotely through video conferencing and other digital collaboration tools, fostering teamwork and knowledge sharing.
iii) In training of dental Technologist
a. Virtual Simulations: Digital simulations provide a realistic environment for practicing dental procedures, allowing students to hone their skills in a risk-free setting before working with actual patients (SOP).
b. Online Learning Platforms: Digital platforms offer courses and modules on various aspects of dental technology, providing flexibility for students to access educational content at their own pace and convenience.
c. Interactive E-Learning Modules: Digital modules, including interactive videos, animations, and quizzes, enhance engagement and understanding of complex dental concepts.
d. Digital Anatomy Resources: Digital tools and apps enable students to explore detailed 3D models of dental anatomy, aiding in the study of tooth structure, occlusion, and oral anatomy.
e. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR): VR and AR technologies provide immersive experiences, allowing students to visualize and interact with dental structures in three dimensions.
f. CAD/CAM Training: Dental technologists learn to use Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software for designing dental prosthetics through hands-on digital training.
g. Remote Mentoring and Collaboration: Digital platforms facilitate remote mentoring and collaboration with experienced professionals, enabling students to seek guidance and feedback.
h. Digital Case Studies: Online repositories of digital case studies allow students to analyze and understand a variety of dental cases, enhancing their diagnostic and problem-solving skills.
i. Webinars and Virtual Lectures: Live or recorded webinars and virtual lectures enable experts to share insights, research findings, and industry updates with dental technology students.
j. Digital Assessment Tools: Online quizzes, exams, and digital portfolios streamline the assessment process, providing efficient feedback on students' progress.
k. E-Libraries and Research Databases: Digital libraries and databases grant access to a wealth of research articles, journals, and publications, supporting students in staying updated on the latest advancements in dental technology.
iv) Service delivery of dental technology
a. Remote Consultations: Digital platforms enable dental technologists to provide remote consultations, allowing for efficient communication with dental practitioners, discussing cases, and addressing queries without physical presence.
b. Digital Case Submission: Dentists can submit cases digitally, including digital impressions and relevant patient information, streamlining the case intake process for dental technologists.
c. CAD/CAM Customization: Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology allows for precise customization of dental prosthetics, ensuring a better fit and aesthetic outcome.
d. Virtual Try-ins: Digital technologies enable virtual try-ins for patients, allowing them to preview and approve the appearance of their dental restorations before the final production.
e. Online Ordering Systems: Dental practitioners can place orders for materials and restorations online, simplifying the procurement process and reducing paperwork.
f. Electronic Communication Platforms: Digital communication tools facilitate quick and secure communication between dental technologists and practitioners, ensuring a smooth exchange of information and feedback.
g. Digital Records for Patient Education: Dental technologists can utilize digital records and visual aids to educate patients about their treatment plans, enhancing communication and understanding.
h. Digital Invoicing and Billing: Digital platforms streamline the invoicing and billing process, providing a more efficient and transparent financial transaction system.
i. Telemonitoring: For certain dental appliances or treatments, digital technology allows for remote monitoring, ensuring that the patient's progress is tracked effectively.
j. Digital Quality Assurance: Technologists can use digital tools to assess and ensure the quality of dental products before they are delivered to the dental practitioners, reducing the chances of errors or discrepancies.
k. Appointment Reminders and Scheduling: Digital platforms can be used for automated appointment reminders, helping in scheduling and managing appointments more efficiently.
Conclusion
The dental landscape is on the cusp of a revolution, as a plethora of digital innovations continues to transform the field. Researchers, inventors, and manufacturers worldwide are tirelessly exploring new frontiers, driven by the relentless pursuit of efficiency and excellence. The holy grail of digital dentistry lies in capturing patient-specific data with unyielding accuracy, unlocking the doors to unprecedented precision and personalization. Even seemingly unrelated inventions hold hidden relevance for dental professionals, underscoring the boundless potential of digital dentistry. As this transformative force gains momentum, no dental practitioner can afford to remain on the sidelines. Digital processes will irrevocably alter the fabric of dentistry, presenting dental technologists with a kaleidoscope of opportunities for growth and innovation. In Nigeria, embracing this seismic shift is not merely advisable but imperative. By adopting a judicious blend of digital and analogue methods, dental technology practices can navigate this uncharted terrain with confidence. Rather than embracing a one-size-fits-all approach, discerning professionals will chart their own course, guided by a pragmatic and informed perspective. As the digital dentistry odyssey unfolds, the future of dental technology practice hangs in the balance – poised to be shaped by visionary leaders who dare to dream, innovate, and thrive in this brave new world.
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